IEC 60364-5-54-1980 建筑物的电气设施.第5部分:电气设备的选择和安装.第54章:接地装置和保护导体

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下一篇: IEC 60364-5-56-1980 建筑物的电气设施.第5部分:电气设备的选择和安装.第56章:保安设施

【英文标准名称】:Textiles-Testsforcolourfastness-Colourfastnesstowashing:Test3
【原文标准名称】:纺织品.色牢度试验.耐洗涤色牢度:试验3
【标准号】:BSEN20105-C03-1993
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:1993-01-15
【实施或试行日期】:1993-01-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:试样制备;试验条件;肥皂;色牢度试验;色牢度;比较试验;洗涤试验;沾污试验;纺织试验;纺织产品;织物试验;纺织材料
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:ThispartofISO105specifiesTestNo.3ofaseriesoffivewashingteststhathavebeenestablishedtoinvestigatethefastnesstowashingofcolouredtex-tilesandwhichbetweenthemcovertherangeofwashingproceduresfrommildtosevere.NOTE1Thismethodisdesignedtodeterminetheeffectofwashingonlyonthecolourfastnessofthetextile.Itisnotintendedtoreflecttheresultofthecomprehensivelaunderingprocedure.
【中国标准分类号】:W04;W70
【国际标准分类号】:59_080_01
【页数】:12P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforDeterminingtheMolarMassofSodiumAlginatebySizeExclusionChromatographywithMulti-angleLightScatteringDetection(SEC-MALS)
【原文标准名称】:用体积排阻色谱与多角度光散射检测法(SEC-MALS)测定海藻酸钠的摩尔质量的标准试验方法体
【标准号】:ASTMF2605-2008e1
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:F04.42
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:Alginates;Sizeexclusionchromatographywithmulti-anglelightscatteringdetection(SEC-MALS);Tissueengineeredmedicalproducts(TEMPs)
【摘要】:Thecompositionandsequentialstructureofalginate,aswellasthemolarmassandmolarmassdistribution,determinesthefunctionalityofalginateinanapplication.Forinstance,thegellingpropertiesofanalginatearehighlydependentuponthecompositionandmolarmassofthepolymer.Lightscatteringisoneofveryfewmethodsavailableforthedeterminationofabsolutemolarmassandstructure,anditisapplicableoverthebroadestrangeofmolarmassesofanymethod.Combininglightscatteringdetectionwithsizeexclusionchromatography(SEC),whichsortsmoleculesaccordingtosize,givestheabilitytoanalyzepolydispersesamples,aswellasobtaininginformationonbranchingandmolecularconformation.Thismeansthatboththenumber-averageandmass-averagevaluesformolarmassandsizemaybeobtainedformostsamples.Furthermore,onehastheabilitytocalculatethedistributionsofthemolarmassesandsizes.Multi-anglelaserlightscattering(MALS)isatechniquewheremeasurementsaremadesimultaneouslyoverarangeofdifferentangles.MALSdetectioncanbeusedtoobtaininformationonmolecularsize,sincethisparameterisdeterminedbytheangularvariationofthescatteredlight.Molarmassmayinprinciplebedeterminedbydetectingscatteredlightatasinglelowangle(LALLS).However,advantageswithMALSascomparedtoLALLSare:(1)lessnoiseatlargerangles,(2)theprecisionofmeasurementsaregreatlyimprovedbydetectingatseveralangles,and(3)theabilitytodetectangularvariationallowsdeterminationofsize,branching,aggregation,andmolecularconformation.Sizeexclusionchromatographyusescolumns,whicharetypicallypackedwithpolymerparticlescontaininganetworkofuniformporesintowhichsoluteandsolventmoleculescandiffuse.Whileinthepores,moleculesareeffectivelytrappedandremovedfromtheflowofthemobilephase.Theaverageresidencetimeintheporesdependsuponthesizeofthesolutemolecules.Moleculesthatarelargerthantheaverageporesizeofthepackingareexcludedandexperiencevirtuallynoretention;theseareelutedfirst,inthevoidvolumeofthecolumn.Molecules,whichmaypenetratetheporeswillhavealargervolumeavailablefordiffusion,theywillsufferretentiondependingontheirmolecularsize,withthesmallermoleculeselutinglast.Forpolyelectrolytes,dialysisagainsttheelutionbufferhasbeensuggested,inordertoeliminateDonnan-typeartifactsinthemolarmassdeterminationbylightscattering(1,2).However,inthepresentmethod,thesizeexclusionchromatographystepprecedingthelightscatterdetectionisanefficientsubstituteforadialysisstep.ThesampleisseparatedonSECcolumnswithlargeexcessofelutionbufferfor30to40min,anditisthereforeinfullequilibriumwiththeelutionbufferwhenitreachestheMALSdetector.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationofthemolarmassofsodiumalginateintendedforuseinbiomedicalandpharmaceuticalapplicationsaswellasintissueengineeredmedicalproducts(TEMPs)bysizeexclusionchromatographywithmulti-anglelaserlightscatteringdetection(SEC-MALS).AguideforthecharacterizationofalginatehasbeenpublishedasGuideF2064.1.2AlginateusedinTEMPsshouldbewellcharacterized,includingthemolarmassandpolydispersity(molarmassdistribution)inordertoensureuniformityandcorrectfunctionalityinthefinalproduct.Thistestmethodwillassistendusersinchoosingthecorrectalginatefortheirparticularapplication.AlginatemayhaveutilityasascaffoldormatrixmaterialforTEMPs,incellandtissueencapsulationapplications,andindrugdeliveryformulations.1.3Thevalue......
【中国标准分类号】:C10
【国际标准分类号】:11_120_10
【页数】:6P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语